rock
royal
argued
decided
june
appeals
district
northern
district
new
york
frank
murphy
atty
robert
jackson
sol
milo
kniffen
cobleskill
appellant
noyes
seward
miller
new
york
city
appellant
dairymen
league
cooperative
john
larson
washington
appellant
metropolitan
cooperative
milk
producers
bargaining
agency
leonard
acker
brooklyn
appellee
central
new
york
cooperative
association
willard
pratt
utica
appellees
rock
royal
operative
et
al
justice
reed
delivered
opinion
appeals
involve
validity
order
secretary
agriculture
issued
tural
marketing
agreement
act
regulating
handling
milk
new
york
metropolitan
area
october
america
filed
complaint
rock
royal
central
new
york
cooperative
association
schuyler
junction
new
york
milk
shed
cooperative
seeking
mandatory
injunction
requiring
defendants
representatives
comply
provisions
order
november
similar
action
filed
jetter
dairy
company
december
causes
consolidated
original
proceedings
sought
relief
violations
order
secretary
agriculture
also
find
defendants
subject
order
violation
official
order
issued
commissioner
agriculture
markets
state
new
york
two
orders
pari
materia
one
covering
milk
moving
directly
burdening
obstructing
affecting
interstate
commerce
covering
milk
intrastate
commerce
defendant
dealer
handling
milk
moving
interstate
commerce
december
holton
noyes
commissioner
agriculture
markets
state
new
york
permitted
intervene
party
plaintiff
consolidated
action
sought
injunction
commanding
defendants
representatives
comply
order
determined
milk
subject
order
comply
order
secretary
agriculture
answers
defendants
pleaded
certain
affirmative
defenses
setting
invalidity
order
improper
efforts
secure
adoption
broadly
speaking
defenses
based
upon
erroneous
representations
alleged
made
officials
certain
private
organizations
bring
approval
order
upon
alleged
conspiracy
private
organizations
create
monopoly
means
order
motion
strike
defenses
overruled
dairymen
league
cooperative
association
hereinafter
called
league
metropolitan
cooperative
milk
producers
bargaining
agency
hereinafter
called
agency
permitted
intervene
combat
answers
also
challenged
two
orders
act
contrary
fifth
fourteenth
amendments
constitution
act
involving
improper
delegation
legislative
power
central
new
york
cooperative
association
denied
power
congress
enact
legislation
commerce
clause
set
defense
subject
either
order
hearing
upon
merits
district
dismissed
complaints
state
order
eliminated
consideration
understanding
questioned
milk
four
defendants
covered
federal
order
valid
held
sections
ii
act
ii
violate
due
process
clause
fifth
amendment
order
discriminatory
takes
property
without
compensation
approval
producers
secured
unlawful
misrepresentation
coercion
important
provisions
order
authorizing
payments
cooperative
proprietary
handlers
basis
act
rock
royal
unconstitutionality
certain
sections
act
congress
one
ground
decision
appeal
allowed
directly
statute
controversy
revolves
almost
entirely
around
order
back
order
statute
issued
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
reenacted
amended
certain
provisions
agricultural
adjustment
act
name
implies
aimed
assisting
marketing
agricultural
commodities
section
declared
disruption
orderly
exchange
commodities
interstate
commerce
impairs
fixing
minimum
prices
use
classification
handlers
shall
pay
time
payments
shall
made
milk
purchased
producers
associations
producers
prices
shall
uniform
handlers
subject
adjustments
volume
market
production
differentials
customarily
applied
handlers
subject
order
grade
quality
milk
purchased
locations
delivery
milk
use
classification
thereof
made
handlers
providing
ii
payment
producers
associations
producers
delivering
milk
handlers
uniform
prices
milk
delivered
irrespective
uses
made
milk
individual
handler
delivered
subject
either
case
adjustments
volume
market
production
differentials
customarily
applied
handlers
subject
order
grade
quality
milk
delivered
locations
delivery
milk
made
adjustment
equitably
apportion
total
value
milk
purchased
handler
handlers
among
producers
associations
producers
basis
marketings
milk
representative
period
time
order
accomplish
purposes
set
forth
paragraphs
subsection
providing
method
making
adjustments
payments
among
handlers
including
producers
also
handlers
end
total
sums
paid
handler
shall
equal
value
milk
purchased
prices
fixed
accordance
paragraph
hereof
nothing
contained
subsection
intended
shall
construed
prevent
cooperative
marketing
association
qualified
provisions
act
congress
february
amended
sections
title
known
act
engaged
making
collective
sales
marketing
milk
products
producers
thereof
blending
net
proceeds
sales
purchasing
power
farmers
thus
destroying
value
agricultural
assets
detriment
national
public
interest
interference
declared
obstruct
normal
channels
interstate
commerce
markets
use
classifications
making
distribution
thereof
producers
accordance
contract
association
producers
provided
shall
sell
milk
products
handler
use
consumption
market
prices
less
prices
fixed
pursuant
paragraph
subsection
milk
marketing
agreement
order
applicable
milk
products
marketing
area
shall
prohibit
manner
limit
case
products
milk
marketing
area
milk
product
thereof
produced
production
area
relates
products
milk
case
agricultural
commodities
products
thereof
specified
subsection
orders
shall
contain
one
following
terms
conditions
prohibiting
unfair
methods
competition
unfair
trade
practices
handling
thereof
providing
except
milk
cream
sold
consumption
fluid
form
commodity
product
thereof
grade
size
quality
thereof
shall
sold
handlers
thereof
prices
filed
handlers
manner
provided
order
providing
selection
secretary
agriculture
method
selection
agency
agencies
defining
powers
duties
shall
include
powers
administer
order
accordance
terms
provisions
ii
make
rules
regulations
effectuate
terms
provisions
order
iii
receive
investigate
report
secretary
agriculture
complaints
violations
order
iv
recommend
secretary
agriculture
amendments
order
person
acting
member
agency
established
pursuant
paragraph
shall
deemed
acting
official
section
declared
policy
congress
exercise
powers
conferred
upon
secretary
agriculture
establish
maintain
orderly
marketing
conditions
agricultural
commodities
interstate
commerce
establish
prices
farmers
level
give
agricultural
commodities
capacity
within
meaning
section
title
unless
person
receives
compensation
personal
services
funds
incidental
inconsistent
terms
conditions
specified
subsections
necessary
effectuate
provisions
order
secretary
agriculture
prior
prescribing
term
marketing
agreement
order
amendment
thereto
relating
milk
products
term
fix
minimum
prices
paid
producers
associations
producers
prior
modifying
price
fixed
term
shall
ascertain
accordance
section
section
title
prices
give
commodities
purchasing
power
equivalent
purchasing
power
base
period
level
prices
declared
policy
congress
establish
section
section
title
shall
purposes
agreement
order
amendment
level
reflect
price
feeds
available
supplies
feeds
economic
conditions
affect
market
supply
demand
milk
products
marketing
area
contemplated
marketing
agreement
order
amendment
relates
whenever
secretary
finds
upon
basis
evidence
adduced
hearing
required
section
title
section
case
may
prices
give
commodities
purchasing
power
equivalent
purchasing
power
base
period
determined
pursuant
section
section
title
reasonable
view
price
feeds
available
supplies
feeds
economic
conditions
affect
market
supply
demand
milk
products
marketing
area
contemplated
agreement
order
amendment
relates
shall
fix
prices
finds
reflect
factors
insure
sufficient
quantity
pure
wholesome
milk
public
interest
thereafter
secretary
finds
necessary
account
changed
circumstances
shall
due
notice
opportunity
hearing
make
adjustments
prices
purchasing
power
respect
articles
farmers
buy
equivalent
purchasing
power
agricultural
commodities
base
period
section
act
base
period
agricultural
commodities
except
tobacco
potatoes
fixed
period
august
july
purchasing
power
base
period
satisfactorily
determined
available
statistics
within
department
agriculture
secretary
authorized
take
base
period
august
july
portion
thereof
section
prescribing
minimum
prices
milk
statute
authorizes
secretary
fix
minimum
prices
without
restriction
purchasing
power
base
period
reflect
prices
available
supplies
feed
economic
conditions
finds
hearing
minimum
prices
base
period
purchasing
power
unreasonable
section
section
gives
jurisdiction
district
courts
enforce
prevent
restrain
person
violating
orders
regulations
agreements
provisions
section
authorizes
secretary
agriculture
enter
marketing
agreements
producers
others
engaged
handling
agricultural
commodities
affecting
interstate
commerce
agreements
may
agricultural
commodities
products
entirely
voluntary
may
cover
handling
commodity
person
engaged
various
operations
processing
distribution
agreements
involved
incidentally
proceeding
section
provides
use
orders
instead
agreements
certain
situations
orders
apply
specified
commodities
including
milk
entered
secretary
agriculture
son
believe
issuance
order
tend
effectuate
declared
policy
act
respect
commodity
product
thereof
notice
opportunity
hearing
necessary
also
secretary
agriculture
set
forth
order
finding
upon
evidence
introduced
hearing
issuance
order
terms
conditions
thereof
tend
effectuate
declared
policy
commodity
milk
act
order
contain
one
terms
specified
section
others
except
certain
terms
common
orders
set
section
terms
used
order
examination
referred
later
orders
may
hearing
upon
marketing
agreement
regulates
handling
commodity
manner
order
without
special
determination
secretary
agriculture
approval
president
orders
become
effective
unless
approved
handlers
required
act
notwithstanding
refusal
failure
handlers
sign
marketing
agreement
relating
commodity
secretary
agriculture
approval
president
may
issue
order
without
adoption
agreement
determines
refusal
failure
handlers
sign
marketing
agreement
tends
prevent
effectuation
declared
policy
respect
commodity
issuance
order
practical
means
advancing
interest
producers
case
order
must
approved
favored
producers
number
volume
engaged
representative
period
production
market
commodity
within
production
area
engaged
production
commodity
sale
marketing
area
specified
marketing
agreement
order
section
section
authorizes
referendum
determine
whether
issuance
order
approved
producers
section
provides
secretary
shall
consider
approval
disapproval
cooperative
association
approval
disapproval
producers
members
stockholders
patrons
cooperative
association
section
provides
administrative
review
secretary
petition
handler
objecting
provision
accordance
law
seeking
modification
exemption
therefrom
district
courts
jurisdiction
review
ruling
accordance
provisions
act
secretary
agriculture
promulgating
order
conducted
public
hearings
attended
handlers
producers
consumers
milk
representatives
throughout
milkshed
defendant
however
represented
hearings
followed
presentation
agency
secretary
commissioner
proposed
marketing
agreement
order
regulating
handling
milk
new
york
marketing
area
request
action
federal
new
york
statutes
hearings
jointly
held
federal
state
governments
cooperation
two
governments
culmination
course
investigation
legislation
continued
many
years
problem
standpoint
new
york
fully
considered
results
set
report
joint
legislative
committee
investigate
milk
industry
investigation
followed
creation
milk
control
board
broad
powers
regulate
dairy
business
state
board
power
fix
prices
paid
purchasers
charged
consumers
later
new
york
act
authorized
state
commissioner
cooperate
federal
authorities
acting
present
marketing
agreement
act
issue
orders
supplementary
federal
government
carried
joint
administration
problems
concerned
maintenance
distribution
adequate
supply
milk
metropolitan
centers
well
understood
producers
handlers
milkshed
marketing
area
metropolitan
new
york
problems
peculiarly
acute
generally
recognized
chief
cause
fluctuating
prices
supplies
existence
normal
surplus
necessary
furnish
adequate
amount
peak
periods
consumption
results
excess
production
troughs
demand
milk
highly
perishable
fertile
field
growth
bacteria
yet
essential
item
diet
desirable
equate
production
close
sanitary
supervision
meet
constantly
varying
needs
sale
milk
metropolitan
new
york
ringed
around
requirements
health
departments
assure
purity
supply
farms
equipment
approved
health
authorities
marketing
area
operated
accordance
requirements
permitted
market
milk
sixty
thousand
dairies
located
new
york
connecticut
massachusetts
maryland
new
jersey
pennsylvania
vermont
hold
certificates
inspection
approval
department
health
city
new
york
five
hundred
receiving
plants
similarly
scattered
approved
receiving
shipping
grades
milk
since
milk
produced
find
ready
market
fluid
milk
flush
periods
surplus
must
move
cream
butter
cheese
milk
powder
less
nonperishable
products
since
manufactures
competition
similar
dairy
products
prices
milk
absorbed
manufacturing
processes
must
necessarily
meet
competition
production
areas
far
removed
metropolitan
centers
market
fluid
milk
use
food
beverage
profitable
producer
consequently
producers
strive
fluid
milk
market
obvious
marketing
fluid
milk
new
york
contacts
least
entire
national
dairy
industry
approval
dairies
department
health
new
york
city
condition
sale
fluid
milk
metropolitan
area
isolates
general
competition
well
recognized
segment
entire
industry
since
producers
numerous
enough
keep
volume
fluid
milk
new
york
distribution
beyond
ordinary
requirements
competition
even
among
threaten
quality
end
quantity
fluid
milk
deemed
suitable
new
york
consumption
students
problem
generally
apparently
recognized
fair
division
among
producers
fluid
milk
market
utilization
rest
available
supply
dairy
staples
appropriate
method
attack
solution
order
attempt
make
effective
arrangement
authority
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
order
secretary
agriculture
found
milk
produced
new
york
marketing
area
actually
moves
interstate
commerce
remaining
produced
within
state
new
york
inextricably
intermingled
interstate
milk
handled
either
current
interstate
commerce
affect
burden
obstruct
interstate
commerce
subtract
total
payments
required
made
month
section
article
vii
total
payments
claimed
pursuant
section
article
vii
add
amount
cash
producer
settlement
fund
divide
result
total
quantity
milk
represented
sum
obtained
pursuant
paragraph
section
subtract
less
cents
cents
provide
contingency
errors
reports
payments
delinquencies
payments
handlers
result
shall
known
uniform
price
month
milk
containing
percent
butterfat
received
producers
plants
mile
zone
article
vii
section
day
month
handler
association
producers
shall
make
payment
producer
milk
delivered
producer
plant
preceding
month
less
uniform
price
subject
differentials
set
forth
sections
article
article
vii
sec
location
uniform
ice
shall
plus
minus
differential
shown
column
schedule
contained
section
article
iv
zone
plant
established
purposes
section
article
iv
plus
cents
case
plants
located
counties
listed
paragraph
section
article
vi
article
vii
sec
cooperative
cooperative
association
producers
may
apply
secretary
determination
qualifications
receive
payments
pursuant
section
reason
exercising
full
authority
sale
milk
members
using
best
efforts
supply
times
short
supply
class
milk
marketing
area
secure
utilization
milk
times
long
supply
manner
assure
greatest
possible
returns
producers
entire
activities
control
members
payments
shall
made
cooperative
association
producers
following
conditions
following
rates
one
cent
per
hundredweight
net
pooled
milk
handler
plant
caused
delivered
members
milk
products
exception
made
milk
regulated
order
commissioner
agriculture
markets
state
new
york
secretary
found
prices
calculated
accordance
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
association
handler
made
reports
payments
required
order
except
set
forth
paragraph
section
cents
per
hundredweight
net
pooled
milk
plants
handlers
reported
collected
association
five
cents
per
hundredweight
net
pooled
milk
plants
operated
association
addition
qualifications
association
determined
secretary
sufficient
plant
capacity
receive
milk
producers
members
willing
able
receive
milk
producers
members
cents
per
hundredweight
net
pooled
milk
caused
delivered
handler
reported
collected
association
market
service
market
administrator
shall
pay
producer
settlement
fund
handler
immediately
audit
claim
payment
made
forms
supplied
market
administrator
respect
milk
received
producers
plant
operated
handler
equipped
receiving
shipping
milk
marketing
area
month
except
november
december
moved
plant
utilized
classes
month
october
operated
handler
class
milk
shipped
marketing
area
month
cents
per
hundredweight
milk
moved
plus
cents
per
hundredweight
first
five
miles
fraction
thereof
plus
cent
per
hundredweight
per
mile
next
miles
plus
cent
per
hundredweight
per
additional
mile
shortest
highway
distance
two
plants
thirty
cents
per
hundredweight
class
milk
sold
months
november
december
marketing
area
received
producers
plant
equipped
condensing
drying
milk
months
may
june
preceding
terms
equivalent
milk
received
plant
milk
excess
percent
cream
excess
percent
shipped
marketing
area
give
milk
purchasing
power
equivalent
parities
mentioned
sections
act
reasonable
view
supplies
prices
feeds
economic
conditions
affect
supply
demand
milk
fixed
minimum
price
milk
determined
time
time
formula
order
marketing
area
defined
city
new
york
counties
nassau
suffolk
westchester
producer
person
producing
milk
delivered
handler
plant
approved
health
authority
receiving
milk
sale
marketing
area
handler
person
engaged
handling
milk
cream
received
approved
plant
similar
sale
includes
cooperative
associations
administrative
sections
order
setting
milk
administrator
defining
duties
attacked
classify
milk
article
iv
important
since
establishes
minimum
prices
milk
various
differentials
based
upon
use
butter
fat
content
distances
points
production
consumption
unnecessary
analyze
purposes
opinion
sufficient
say
example
minimum
price
handler
pay
milk
fixed
formula
varies
range
score
butter
wholesale
new
york
market
days
preceding
day
preceding
month
handlers
required
file
reports
receipts
utilization
milk
various
classes
understood
however
minimum
price
amount
producer
receives
price
level
called
calculated
actual
amount
dollars
cents
receive
article
vi
uniform
price
computed
uniform
price
producer
actually
paid
proprietary
noncooperative
handlers
uniform
price
determined
computation
substance
multiplies
amount
milk
classified
according
use
received
handlers
less
certain
quantities
milk
permitted
deducted
minimum
prices
fixed
article
iv
different
classes
milk
result
various
payments
reservations
deducted
remainder
divided
total
quantity
milk
received
equalize
handlers
pay
producer
settlement
fund
much
operation
made
clear
summarizing
provisions
article
vii
require
handlers
shall
pay
producer
settlement
fund
amount
purchased
milk
multiplied
minimum
prices
various
classes
greater
purchased
milk
multiplied
uniform
price
handlers
purchased
milk
multiplied
minimum
prices
less
multiplied
uniform
price
producer
settlement
fund
pays
difference
distribution
producers
provisions
give
uniform
prices
producers
exceptions
herein
stated
accordance
general
use
milk
preceding
period
provisions
order
upon
attack
made
pointed
discussion
particular
objections
suspension
order
developed
argument
causes
secretary
agriculture
march
suspended
order
account
effect
decree
administration
enforcement
section
since
suspension
authorized
statute
order
preserves
accrued
rights
opinion
step
make
proceedings
moot
reports
receipts
classified
sales
milk
accounting
pool
obligations
determination
uniform
price
settlement
producers
basis
order
well
payment
money
sought
defendants
controversy
validity
order
power
enforce
provisions
remains
adoption
order
considering
validity
marketing
act
provisions
order
attack
shall
examine
contention
defendants
order
adopted
circumstances
require
equity
refuse
enforce
dealers
refused
failed
sign
proposed
marketing
agreement
secretary
conducted
referendum
section
ascertain
whether
issuance
order
approved
producers
required
section
vigorous
campaigns
waged
proponents
opponents
order
among
proponents
league
agency
vote
secretary
august
approval
president
determined
issuance
order
favored
least
producers
declared
effective
september
defendants
base
appeal
conscience
chancellor
upon
matters
connected
referendum
claim
amount
fraud
adoption
alleged
fraud
said
consist
widespread
public
misrepresentations
effect
producers
receive
price
milk
conspiracy
league
others
convert
state
national
acts
instruments
creation
monopoly
large
handlers
sale
fluid
milk
marketing
area
findings
supporting
charges
misrepresentation
conspiracy
may
summarized
determining
intervening
plaintiffs
league
agency
participated
actively
proposing
adopting
inducing
producers
handlers
accept
order
greater
detail
findings
show
league
instrumental
organization
agency
representatives
upon
agency
board
directors
agency
acted
organization
promoting
action
federal
state
acts
league
agency
published
papers
gave
vigorous
support
campaign
approval
order
time
hearings
agency
issued
explanatory
booklet
stating
equal
purchasing
price
paid
dealers
milk
use
producer
share
equally
benefits
fluid
milk
market
agency
league
announced
repeatedly
handlers
required
pay
uniform
price
handler
receive
competitive
advantage
others
agency
expended
december
june
latter
date
september
date
order
went
effect
actively
supported
order
program
voting
order
took
place
august
votes
counted
valid
referendum
percent
favor
issuance
order
percent
opposed
favorable
votes
league
cast
supporting
evidence
beyond
coordinated
activities
agency
league
cooperatives
charge
conspiracy
monopolize
securing
adoption
order
found
district
provisions
order
competitive
advantages
cooperatives
order
thought
indicate
improper
influence
drafting
discussed
later
point
view
legality
permissible
classification
found
conspiracy
obtain
monopoly
carried
coercive
tactics
part
producers
leadership
league
agency
tactics
consisted
threats
handlers
comply
order
producers
withhold
delivery
milk
schemes
lower
determined
successful
securing
drafting
adoption
acceptance
order
conspiracy
monopolize
interstate
commerce
contrary
sherman
act
note
established
held
occurrence
incidents
detailed
compelled
refusal
injunction
agree
considering
manner
adoption
order
validity
act
provisions
order
must
assumed
order
submitted
producers
approval
hearings
specified
statute
full
text
order
explanatory
pamphlets
mailed
prospective
voter
face
fact
erroneous
statements
permitted
render
submission
futile
evidence
producer
misunderstood
casual
sentence
one
pamphlets
department
agriculture
number
statements
publications
league
agency
effect
dealers
pay
producers
uniform
price
milk
assertions
need
qualifications
given
order
applicable
milk
sold
outside
marketing
area
milk
handled
cooperatives
variation
facts
immaterial
view
value
volume
milk
involved
order
article
vii
plainly
stated
cooperatives
covered
payment
requirements
appeared
also
milk
sold
outside
marketing
area
within
terms
study
official
form
order
cleared
misconception
created
language
secretary
agriculture
declared
producers
affected
order
approved
terms
litigants
deny
voters
voted
institution
order
authority
courts
go
behind
conclusion
secretary
inquire
influences
caused
producers
favor
resolution
coercion
league
agency
exercised
upon
handlers
adoption
order
force
induce
acquiesce
operation
indirect
character
alleged
misrepresentation
partisan
coercion
producer
seeking
compel
dealer
support
plan
threat
use
economic
power
milk
coercion
ineffective
upon
defendants
producers
organizations
urged
papers
meetings
diversion
milk
handlers
influence
agree
order
efforts
effect
prior
vote
producers
quite
true
league
cast
favorable
votes
position
cast
total
qualified
vote
order
arises
provision
act
authorizing
cooperatives
express
approval
disapproval
members
patrons
unreasonable
provision
cooperative
marketing
agency
votes
power
congress
put
order
effect
manner
demonstration
approval
likewise
control
associations
producers
milk
vital
interest
establishment
efficient
marketing
system
quately
explains
interest
securing
adoption
order
believed
favorable
purpose
ulterior
motives
corporate
aggrandizement
stimulated
activities
efforts
thereby
rendered
unlawful
act
order
otherwise
valid
fact
effect
give
cooperatives
monopoly
market
violate
sherman
act
justify
refusal
injunction
correlation
order
act
another
phase
argument
order
affected
validity
act
application
order
therefore
ready
disposition
constitutional
questions
need
reached
defendants
contend
statutory
basis
sections
order
exempting
cooperatives
payment
uniform
authorizing
payments
certain
handlers
producer
settlement
fund
government
makes
point
none
defendants
handlers
object
terms
order
producers
delivering
milk
cooperatives
affected
exemption
cooperative
handlers
requirement
pay
less
uniform
price
producers
affected
use
pooled
money
sections
payments
cooperative
handlers
although
three
defendants
complain
benefits
conferred
upon
cooperatives
cooperatives
defendant
jetter
dairy
company
standing
raise
issue
want
statutory
authority
except
cooperative
handlers
payment
uniform
price
proprietary
corporation
handler
milk
required
order
pay
uniform
prices
milk
purchases
requirement
pay
uniform
prices
arises
provisions
article
iv
shall
pay
minimum
prices
two
except
deduction
certain
service
payments
cooperatives
excepted
payment
burden
payment
laid
directly
upon
jetter
others
excepted
none
defendants
hand
position
raise
issue
lack
statutory
authority
payments
authorized
article
vii
sections
whether
cooperative
defendant
corporations
financial
interest
producer
settlement
fund
defendants
pay
draw
fund
accordance
utilization
milk
delivered
patrons
defendants
profit
loss
depends
upon
spread
receives
class
price
sale
price
deductions
fund
small
nothing
patron
receives
higher
uniform
price
handler
affected
consider
whether
act
authorizes
exception
cooperatives
uniform
payment
provisions
article
vii
section
authority
exists
section
act
earlier
paragraphs
provide
minimum
prices
paid
handlers
producers
associations
producers
subject
usual
quality
location
differentials
important
require
minimum
prices
paid
cooperatives
handlers
definition
exception
cooperatives
subsection
shall
prevent
cooperative
making
distribution
thereof
net
proceeds
accordance
contract
association
producers
language
specifically
permits
indeed
requires
order
except
cooperatives
requirement
paying
minimum
prices
producers
minimum
price
paid
producer
payment
uniform
price
equalization
pool
authority
act
except
cooperative
payment
uniform
price
terms
order
certain
provisions
order
found
district
show
unconstitutional
discrimination
one
defendants
discriminations
complaint
made
arise
application
new
york
problem
section
act
relating
milk
uniform
price
jetter
dairy
company
proprietary
handler
urges
milk
cooperatives
need
pay
producers
uniform
price
unreasonably
discriminatory
violative
due
process
clause
fifth
amendment
require
pay
uniform
price
section
definition
type
cooperative
permitted
settle
members
accordance
membership
contract
general
characteristics
cooperatives
well
understood
act
defines
cooperatives
associations
producers
corporate
otherwise
without
capital
stock
marketing
product
mutual
benefit
members
producers
equal
voting
privileges
restricted
dividends
capital
employed
dealings
limited
percent
products
different
treatment
accorded
marketing
cooperatives
state
federal
legislation
alike
indeed
secretary
charged
act
recognition
encouragement
controlled
cooperative
associations
harmony
policy
toward
cooperative
associations
set
forth
existing
acts
congress
tend
promote
efficient
methods
marketing
distribution
agricultural
cooperatives
means
farmers
stockmen
enter
processing
distribution
crops
livestock
distinctions
cooperatives
business
organizations
repeatedly
held
justify
different
treatment
frost
corporation
fact
recognized
validity
classification
commission
enjoined
issuing
license
operation
cooperative
cotton
gin
proviso
directing
petition
citizens
taxpayers
without
showing
public
necessity
required
ginners
applicant
organized
profit
though
dividends
limited
membership
confined
producers
thought
distinctions
reasonable
relation
subject
legislation
special
opportunities
cooperatives
said
reason
doubt
classification
valid
applied
true
cooperatives
producer
cooperative
seeks
return
members
largest
possible
portion
dollar
necessarily
spent
consumer
product
deductions
modest
distribution
costs
without
profit
membership
cooperative
limited
profit
stock
cooperative
organized
producers
mutual
benefit
reason
may
assumed
seek
distribute
largest
amounts
patrons
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handled
cooperative
corresponds
purposes
capital
business
corporation
either
may
cut
sale
prices
cost
one
long
members
deliver
long
assets
permit
proprietary
corporations
lower
sales
prices
naturally
seek
lower
purchase
prices
profit
depends
spread
hand
cooperative
pass
reduction
selling
price
less
expense
available
distribution
patrons
members
bear
burden
price
cutting
reasonable
exempt
payment
fixed
price
cooperative
member
measures
return
market
uniform
price
business
handler
pays
commodities
wide
market
staple
dairy
products
quotations
readily
available
distributions
equal
open
prices
cooperators
reactions
parallel
stockholders
losing
businesses
neither
act
order
protects
anyone
lawful
competition
essential
find
unreasonable
discrimination
excepting
producers
cooperatives
requirement
pay
uniform
price
unpriced
milk
another
discrimination
said
reside
part
order
limits
minimum
prices
milk
marketing
area
passes
plant
marketing
area
milk
though
production
area
milk
figure
computation
uniform
price
priced
unpriced
milk
dealt
handler
must
furnish
statement
producer
showing
percentage
milk
paid
uniform
price
defendants
handle
milk
sold
marketing
area
assert
reasonable
discrimination
results
favor
handlers
league
market
milk
outside
marketing
area
basis
complaint
large
dealers
cooperative
handlers
extensive
gathering
distributing
facilities
permitted
purchase
milk
throughout
milk
shed
price
please
milk
pass
plant
marketing
area
sell
price
please
provided
sale
outside
limited
new
york
marketing
area
reason
fact
milk
sells
new
jersey
new
york
greater
profit
made
handler
desires
handler
use
profit
replace
losses
new
york
area
sales
still
position
pay
uniform
price
producers
pool
milk
said
create
discrimination
defendants
possible
handlers
unpriced
milk
use
profits
profitable
extra
area
trade
way
suggested
equally
possible
order
competitive
situation
order
create
deal
view
discrimination
reason
situation
district
found
handlers
unpriced
milk
permitted
blend
prices
paid
purported
paid
milk
sold
markets
uniform
price
announced
administrator
milk
sold
area
thereby
reducing
actual
price
paid
handlers
milk
sold
metropolitan
area
competition
milk
sold
defendants
price
figured
handler
unpriced
milk
lower
actual
market
value
handler
blending
thereby
permitted
pay
producers
milk
less
order
price
less
actual
value
thereof
erroneous
suppose
buying
milk
less
minimum
price
paid
milk
sold
marketing
area
reduced
price
paid
milk
sold
proprietary
handlers
area
uniform
price
unpriced
milk
producer
may
bought
less
average
paid
producer
may
minimum
part
sold
marketing
area
passing
plants
located
minimum
paid
justifies
language
finding
handler
blending
thereby
permitted
pay
producers
milk
less
order
price
nearby
differentials
provision
made
order
special
differentials
cents
milk
certain
counties
located
favorably
marketing
area
enable
handlers
pay
producers
plants
five
cent
difference
absorbed
handlers
act
authorizes
arrangement
found
discriminatory
producers
district
finding
conclusion
law
discrimination
defendants
district
opinion
unfair
defendants
patrons
counties
defendants
urge
advantages
arrangement
competitors
patrons
counties
near
locations
freight
differentials
considered
lower
transportation
costs
differential
increases
milk
prices
producers
payment
tends
stimulate
production
larger
production
means
benefit
freight
advantage
competitors
discrimination
seems
fanciful
remote
justify
overturning
secretary
determination
propriety
differentials
evidence
found
lower
substantial
administrative
determination
carries
presumption
existence
state
facts
justifying
action
far
strong
overturned
suggestions
made
ii
constitutionality
act
minimum
prices
act
authorizes
order
undertakes
fixing
minimum
prices
purchase
milk
current
interstate
foreign
commerce
directly
burdens
obstructs
affects
interstate
foreign
commerce
milk
challenge
fact
milk
four
defendants
reaches
marketing
area
channels
interstate
commerce
question
raised
power
congress
regulate
distribution
area
wholly
intrastate
milk
recognized
federal
authority
covers
sales
milk
marketing
inextricably
intermingled
directly
affects
marketing
area
milk
moves
across
state
lines
challenge
regulation
price
paid
upon
sale
dairy
farmer
delivers
milk
country
plant
urged
sale
local
transaction
fully
completed
interstate
commerce
begins
attempt
fix
price
elements
incident
violates
tenth
amendment
commodities
bought
use
beyond
state
lines
sale
part
interstate
merce
likewise
held
sales
interstate
transportation
commingled
intrastate
transactions
existence
local
activity
interfere
federal
power
regulate
inspection
whole
activities
conducted
within
state
lines
fact
alone
escape
sweep
commerce
clause
interstate
commerce
may
dependent
upon
power
establish
quotas
interstate
marketing
gives
power
name
quotas
left
within
state
production
local
foreign
milk
alike
drawn
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plan
protecting
interstate
commerce
commodity
interferences
burdens
obstructions
arising
excessive
surplus
social
sanitary
evils
low
values
power
congress
extends
also
local
sales
power
commerce
exists
complete
perfect
exercised
fix
wage
scale
limited
railroad
fees
charges
exchanges
authority
federal
government
interstate
commerce
differ
extent
character
retained
intrastate
merce
since
munn
illinois
occasion
repeatedly
give
consideration
action
regulating
prices
recently
upon
reexamination
grounds
state
power
prices
power
phrased
mean
proper
occasion
appropriate
measures
state
may
regulate
business
aspects
including
prices
charged
products
commodities
sells
power
state
fix
price
milk
adjudicated
people
great
cities
depend
largely
upon
adequate
supply
pure
fresh
milk
essential
health
consumer
willing
forego
unrestricted
competition
low
cost
territory
assured
producer
compliance
sanitary
requirements
enforced
municipal
health
authorities
belongs
category
commodities
many
years
subjected
regulatory
power
state
thorough
exposition
milk
situation
new
york
shed
made
nebbia
case
nothing
add
said
save
point
since
decision
held
state
prohibit
sale
imported
milk
purchase
price
prescribed
minimum
pennsylvania
regulatory
law
including
minimum
prices
plied
absence
federal
legislation
milk
purchased
pennsylvania
shipment
new
york
marketing
hegeman
farms
sustained
new
york
milk
control
statute
complaint
price
limits
arbitrary
variation
prices
charged
consumer
dealers
dealers
well
advertised
trade
names
upheld
power
enjoyed
regulate
prices
handling
selling
commodities
within
internal
rests
congress
commerce
equalization
pool
order
equalize
prices
received
producers
handlers
required
clear
purchases
producer
settlement
fund
payments
withdrawals
fund
depend
upon
milk
received
fixed
order
different
prices
governed
use
made
handler
purchased
milk
upon
whether
obligations
producers
greater
less
uniform
price
due
producers
scheme
result
use
device
equalization
pool
producer
dealing
proprietary
handler
gets
uniform
weighted
average
price
milk
differentials
quality
location
usual
market
variations
irrespective
manner
use
act
section
ii
order
articles
iv
vi
vii
authorize
adjustment
defendants
objection
equalization
pool
considered
disbursements
fund
expenses
standby
marketing
services
authorized
article
vii
sections
concerning
hold
handler
standing
complain
alleged
deprivation
liberty
property
accomplished
pooling
requirement
taking
away
defendants
right
acquire
milk
patrons
minimum
class
price
according
use
forcing
handlers
pay
surplus
uniform
price
equalization
pool
instead
patrons
argument
assumes
validity
price
regulation
denies
constitutionality
pooling
arrangement
handlers
liberty
pay
producer
accordance
use
producer
milk
must
distribute
surplus
others
whose
milk
resold
less
advantageously
urged
carry
principle
contribution
logical
conclusion
mean
wages
employed
shared
unemployed
highly
paid
underpaid
receipts
able
fortunate
diligent
incompetent
unlucky
drone
exaggerated
equalization
wealth
opportunity
proposed
pool
device
reasonably
adapted
allow
regulation
interstate
market
upon
terms
minimize
results
restrictions
ancillary
price
regulation
designed
price
provision
foster
protect
encourage
interstate
commerce
smoothing
difficulties
surplus
competition
burdened
marketing
mulford
made
clear
volume
commodity
movement
might
controlled
discouraged
congress
clearly
right
permit
limited
amounts
milk
move
interstate
commerce
opinion
might
permit
movement
terms
pool
settlement
provided
common
funds
equalizing
risks
unknown
considered
violative
due
process
pooling
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syracuse
elmira
new
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central
new
york
cooperative
association
denies
liability
articles
vi
vii
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order
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issued
laws
state
new
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concerning
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order
secretary
agriculture
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district
nos
reversed
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order
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time
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secretary
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handling
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new
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marketing
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defendants
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agents
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commissioner
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markets
state
new
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affirmed
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justice
black
justice
douglas
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power
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enact
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upon
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indicate
think
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justice
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affirmed
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powers
delegated
others
opinion
schechter
poultry
corporation
modernity
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ancient
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absence
congressional
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manage
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regulating
interstate
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true
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important
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cwt
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milk
fruits
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pecans
walnuts
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soybeans
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sets
forth
order
upon
evidence
introduced
hearing
addition
findings
may
specifically
required
section
issuance
order
terms
conditions
thereof
tend
effectuate
declared
policy
title
chapter
respect
commodity
case
milk
products
orders
issued
pursuant
section
shall
contain
one
following
terms
conditions
except
provided
subsection
others
classifying
milk
accordance
form
purpose
used
fixing
providing
method
continues
next
page
act
may
stat
amended
stat
et
seq
sec
sec
sec
sec
sec
certain
powers
upheld
nebbia
new
york
nebbia
new
york
baldwin
seelig
hegeman
farms
baldwin
pertinent
portions
follows
order
article
vi
section
pool
obligation
net
pool
obligation
handler
milk
received
producers
month
shall
sum
money
computed
month
follows
determine
total
quantity
milk
class
plant
subtract
quantity
milk
class
quantity
milk
received
plants
handlers
subtract
pro
rata
class
quantity
milk
received
handler
farm
subtract
remaining
quantity
milk
class
quantity
prices
section
article
iv
apply
result
shall
known
pooled
milk
class
multiply
total
quantity
net
pooled
milk
class
plants
handler
combined
respective
class
prices
set
forth
section
article
iv
add
together
resulting
sums
deduct
cents
per
hundredweight
net
pooled
milk
received
producers
plants
counties
portions
counties
listed
section
result
thus
obtained
shall
known
net
pool
obligation
jersey
hunterdon
somerset
essex
union
morris
warren
sussex
passaic
new
york
columbia
dutchess
nassau
orange
putnam
suffolk
westchester
connecticut
litchfield
massachusetts
berkshire
towns
ulster
county
new
york
marbletown
hurley
kingstown
ulster
rosendale
esopus
new
paltz
lloyd
gardiner
plattekill
marlborough
shawangunk
computation
uniform
market
administrator
shall
day
month
audit
mathematical
correctness
obvious
errors
final
report
submitted
preceding
month
handler
day
month
compute
corrected
reports
uniform
price
following
manner
combine
one
total
net
pool
obligations
handlers
section
cf
california
water
service
city
redding
article
vii
section
article
vii
sections
article
vii
section
currin
wallace
board
trade
chicago
olsen
oliver
iron
mining
lord
gorieb
fox
cf
carmichael
southern
coal
steward
machine
davis
article
section
subsec
stat
clayton
act
stat
act
stat
volstead
act
stat
war
finance
corporation
act
stat
amended
stat
grain
futures
act
stat
agricultural
marketing
act
stat
hanna
law
cooperative
marketing
associations
agricultural
adjustment
act
sec
stat
amended
sec
act
august
stat
adopted
sec
act
june
stat
flint
stone
tracy
brushaber
union
pacific
railroad
chicago
board
trade
olsen
liberty
warehouse
burley
tobacco
growers
cooperative
association
government
furnishes
us
collection
state
cases
approving
special
advantages
given
tobacco
growers
coop
asso
jones
kansas
wheat
growers
schulte
brown
staple
cotton
growers
miss
northern
wisconsin
bekkedal
dark
tobacco
gr
asso
dunn
minnesota
wheat
growers
huggins
list
burley
tobacco
growers
ohio
dark
tobacco
growers
asso
robertson
potter
dark
tobacco
growers
harrell
cane
growers
nebraska
wheat
growers
norquest
neb
warren
alabama
farm
cotton
association
manchester
dairy
system
hayward
clear
lake
live
stock
association
weir
iowa
hollingsworth
texas
hay
washington
cranberry
asso
moore
poultry
producers
barlow
cal
oregon
growers
asso
lentz
south
carolina
cotton
growers
english
milk
producers
marketing
bell
barns
dairymen
operative
association
page
page
cf
corporations
law
new
orleans
railroad
ellerman
alabama
power
ickes
order
article
vii
section
order
article
vi
section
order
article
vii
section
borden
farm
products
baldwin
pacific
box
basket
white
section
stafford
wallace
board
trade
chicago
olsen
houston
east
west
texas
ry
minnesota
rate
cases
simpson
shepard
labor
board
cases
national
labor
relations
board
jones
laughlin
steel
currin
wallace
mulford
smith
decided
april
national
labor
relations
board
fainblatt
decided
april
milling
bondurant
lemke
farmers
grain
cf
packing
haydel
currin
wallace
consolidated
edison
national
labor
relations
board
mulford
smith
supra
note
gibbons
ogden
wheat
minnesota
rate
cases
simpson
shepard
wilson
new
stat
tagg
moorhead
stafford
wallace
munn
illinois
budd
new
york
brass
north
dakota
german
alliance
insurance
lewis
young
hartford
insurance
nebbia
new
york
west
coast
hotel
parrish
townsend
yeomans
wolff
packing
industrial
tyson
bro
banton
fairmont
creamery
minnesota
ribnik
mcbride
williams
standard
oil
nebbia
new
york
id
baldwin
seelig
milk
control
board
eisenberg
farm
products
february
borden
ten
eyck
nebbia
new
york
townsend
yeomans
supra
note
mountain
timber
washington
new
york
central
railroad
white
noble
state
bank
haskell
abie
state
bank
bryan
new
england
divisions
case
dayton
goose
creek
railway
et
panama
refining
ryan
schechter
currin
wallace
buttfield
stranahan
chemical
foundation
monongahela
bridge
grimaud
avent
national
emergency
productive
widespread
unemployment
disorganization
industry
burdens
interstate
foreign
commerce
affects
public
welfare
undermines
standards
living
american
people
hereby
declared
exist
hereby
declared
policy
congress
remove
obstructions
free
flow
interstate
foreign
commerce
tend
diminish
amount
thereof
provide
general
welfare
promoting
organization
industry
purpose
cooperative
action
among
trade
groups
induce
maintain
action
labor
management
adequate
governmental
sanctions
supervision
eliminate
unfair
competitive
practices
promote
fullest
possible
utilization
present
productive
capacity
industries
avoid
undue
restriction
production
except
may
temporarily
required
increase
consumption
industrial
agricultural
products
increasing
purchasing
power
reduce
relieve
unemployment
improve
standards
labor
otherwise
rehabilitate
industry
conserve
natural
resources
stat
cf
schechter
page
page
currin
wallace
hanna
law
cooperative
marketing
associations
pp
house
report
sess
senate
report
sess
costanzo
tillinghast
chicago
north
shore
article
vi
section