raines
argued
january
decided
february
authority
amended
civil
rights
act
attorney
general
brought
civil
action
behalf
federal
district
enjoin
certain
public
officials
state
georgia
discriminating
negro
citizens
desired
register
vote
elections
georgia
district
dismissed
complaint
ground
subsection
authorizes
attorney
general
bring
action
unconstitutional
although
complaint
involved
official
actions
construed
subsection
authorizing
suits
enjoin
purely
private
actions
held
went
beyond
permissible
scope
fifteenth
amendment
act
must
considered
unconstitutional
applications
direct
appeal
held
judgment
reversed
pp
case
properly
direct
appeal
since
basis
decision
act
congress
unconstitutional
matter
contentions
parties
might
proper
basis
district
erred
dismissing
complaint
theory
act
exceed
permissible
limits
fifteenth
amendment
applied
purely
private
actions
private
persons
since
question
properly
record
case
pp
one
application
statute
constitutional
heard
attack
ground
might
also
taken
applying
persons
situations
application
might
unconstitutional
delicate
power
pronouncing
act
congress
unconstitutional
exercised
reference
hypothetical
cases
case
countervailing
considerations
sufficient
warrant
district
action
considering
constitutionality
act
applications
presented
facts
pp
extent
reese
depended
approach
inconsistent
considers
better
one
one
established
weightiest
subsequent
cases
followed
insofar
authorizes
attorney
general
bring
action
enjoin
racial
discrimination
public
officials
performance
official
duties
pertaining
elections
act
clearly
constitutional
pp
whatever
precisely
may
reach
fifteenth
amendment
conduct
charged
discrimination
state
officials
within
course
official
duties
voting
rights
citizens
grounds
race
color
certainly
subject
ban
amendment
legislation
designed
deal
discrimination
appropriate
legislation
said
appellees
action
state
action
merely
aggrieved
parties
exhausted
administrative
remedies
state
law
since
congress
power
provide
correction
constitutional
violations
every
state
official
high
low
without
regard
presence
authority
state
might
possibly
revise
actions
insofar
barney
city
new
york
points
different
conclusion
authority
restricted
later
decisions
might
regarded
worn
away
erosion
time
contrary
authority
pp
beyond
power
congress
authorize
bring
action
vindicate
public
interest
due
observance
private
constitutional
rights
attorney
general
rogers
argued
cause
brief
solicitor
general
rankin
assistant
attorney
general
white
john
davis
harold
greene
david
norman
charles
bloch
argued
cause
appellees
brief
ellsworth
hall
justice
brennan
delivered
opinion
brought
action
district
middle
district
georgia
members
board
registrars
certain
deputy
registrars
terrell
county
georgia
complaint
charged
defendants
various
devices
administration
offices
discriminated
racial
grounds
negroes
desired
register
vote
elections
conducted
state
complaint
sought
injunction
continuation
discriminatory
practices
relief
action
founded
upon
amended
civil
rights
act
stat
subsections
directly
involved
provide
citizens
otherwise
qualified
law
vote
election
people
state
territory
district
county
city
parish
township
school
district
municipality
territorial
subdivision
shall
entitled
allowed
vote
elections
without
distinction
race
color
previous
condition
servitude
constitution
law
custom
usage
regulation
state
territory
authority
contrary
notwithstanding
whenever
person
engaged
reasonable
grounds
believe
person
engage
act
practice
deprive
person
right
privilege
secured
subsection
attorney
general
may
institute
name
civil
action
proper
proceeding
preventive
relief
including
application
permanent
temporary
injunction
restraining
order
order
foundation
power
federal
courts
declare
acts
congress
unconstitutional
lies
power
duty
courts
decide
cases
controversies
properly
made
patent
first
case
exercising
power
gravest
delicate
duty
called
perform
marbury
madison
cranch
case
federal
courts
jurisdiction
pronounce
statute
either
state
void
irreconcilable
constitution
except
called
upon
adjudge
legal
rights
litigants
actual
controversies
exercise
jurisdiction
bound
two
rules
rigidly
adhered
one
never
anticipate
question
constitutional
law
advance
necessity
deciding
never
formulate
rule
constitutional
law
broader
required
precise
facts
applied
liverpool
new
york
philadelphia
commissioners
emigration
kindred
rules
rule
one
application
statute
constitutional
heard
attack
statute
ground
impliedly
might
also
taken
applying
persons
situations
application
might
unconstitutional
wurzbach
heald
district
columbia
yazoo
mississippi
valley
jackson
vinegar
collins
texas
new
york
ex
rel
hatch
reardon
cf
voeller
neilston
warehouse
carmichael
southern
coal
coke
virginian
system
federation
blackmer
roberts
schaefer
emmerson
jeffrey
mfg
blagg
tyler
judges
registration
ashwander
tva
concurring
opinion
barrows
jackson
developed
various
reasons
rule
significant
incontrovertible
proposition
indeed
undesirable
consider
every
conceivable
situation
might
possibly
arise
application
complex
comprehensive
legislation
delicate
power
pronouncing
act
congress
unconstitutional
exercised
reference
hypothetical
cases
thus
imagined
pointed
fact
limiting
construction
given
statute
responsible
construction
application
doubtful
constitutionality
fact
concretely
presented
might
add
application
rule
frees
unnecessary
pronouncement
constitutional
issues
also
premature
interpretations
statutes
areas
constitutional
application
might
cloudy
district
relied
appellees
urge
certain
cases
said
inconsistent
rule
closely
related
corollary
litigant
may
assert
constitutional
rights
immunities
many
applications
principles
ordained
constitution
constitute
rather
rule
practice
barrows
jackson
supra
albeit
weighty
ones
hence
exceptions
weighty
countervailing
policies
recognized
example
result
litigation
question
constitutional
rights
one
party
impaired
effective
way
preserve
may
consider
rights
alabama
barrows
jackson
supra
indicated
application
rules
inhibitory
effect
freedom
speech
may
applied
see
smith
california
thornhill
alabama
perhaps
cases
put
application
criminal
statute
necessitate
revision
text
create
situation
statute
longer
gave
intelligible
warning
conduct
prohibited
see
reese
cf
winters
new
york
rules
rationale
may
disappear
statute
question
already
declared
unconstitutional
vast
majority
intended
applications
fairly
said
intended
stand
valid
basis
fortuitous
circumstances
fraction
cases
originally
designed
cover
see
butts
merchants
miners
transportation
situation
presented
state
statute
comes
conclusively
pronounced
state
otherwise
valid
provision
application
inextricably
tied
invalid
one
see
dorchy
kansas
possibly
rarest
cases
justifiably
think
able
confidently
discern
congress
desired
legislation
stand
unless
validly
stand
every
application
cf
cases
employers
liability
cases
see
none
countervailing
considerations
suggested
examples
countervailing
consideration
warranting
district
action
considering
constitutionality
act
applications
case
rather
typical
one
application
rules
discussed
sure
cases
applied
perfect
consistency
rules
avoiding
unnecessary
constitutional
determinations
mean
say
every
case
cited
various
exceptions
application
considered
turn
exception
stated
perfectly
justified
district
relied
primarily
reese
supra
indicated
decision
may
drawn
support
assumption
passed
statute
validity
toto
left
standing
criminal
statute
incapable
giving
fair
warning
prohibitions
extent
reese
depend
approach
inconsistent
think
better
one
one
established
weightiest
subsequent
cases
follow
accordingly
complaint
called
application
statute
clearly
constitutional
fifteenth
amendment
end
question
constitutionality
application
statute
called
complaint
whatever
precisely
may
reach
fifteenth
amendment
enough
say
conduct
charged
discrimination
state
officials
within
course
official
duties
voting
rights
citizens
grounds
race
color
certainly
state
action
clearest
form
subject
ban
amendment
legislation
designed
deal
discrimination
appropriate
legislation
makes
difference
discrimination
question
state
action
also
violative
state
law
snowden
hughes
appellees
contend
since
congress
provided
subsection
statutory
provision
question
district
courts
shall
exercise
jurisdiction
without
regard
whether
party
aggrieved
shall
exhausted
administrative
remedies
may
provided
law
since
remedies
exhausted
appellees
action
ascribed
state
argument
ultimate
voice
state
spoken
since
higher
echelons
authority
state
might
revise
appellees
action
however
established
fundamental
proposition
every
state
official
high
low
bound
fourteenth
fifteenth
amendments
see
cooper
aaron
think
already
made
clear
follows
congress
power
provide
correction
constitutional
violations
every
official
without
regard
presence
authority
state
might
possibly
revise
actions
appellees
draw
support
expressions
barney
city
new
york
much
rely
authority
expressions
restricted
later
decisions
see
snowden
hughes
supra
barney
must
regarded
worn
away
erosion
time
tigner
texas
contrary
authority
see
raymond
chicago
union
traction
home
tel
tel
los
angeles
moines
nat
bank
bennett
snowden
hughes
supra
screws
cf
classic
said
barney
doctrine
home
tel
tel
los
angeles
supra
chief
justice
white
enforcement
render
impossible
performance
duty
federal
courts
charged
constitution
district
seems
us
recognized
complaint
clearly
charged
violation
fifteenth
amendment
statute
statute
applicable
class
cases
unquestionably
valid
legislation
amendment
think
rules
stated
gone
upheld
act
applied
present
action
dismissal
complaint
error
appellees
urge
alternative
grounds
seek
support
judgment
district
dismissing
complaint
believe
grounds
well
taken
urged
beyond
power
congress
authorize
bring
action
support
private
constitutional
rights
highest
public
interest
due
observance
constitutional
guarantees
including
bear
directly
private
rights
think
perfectly
competent
congress
authorize
guardian
public
interest
suit
injunctive
relief
see
steelworkers
cases
cited
appellees
raise
questions
scope
equitable
discretion
reserved
courts
suits
cf
need
define
scope
discretion
district
proceedings
nature
exercising
traditional
equity
discretion
declined
dismiss
complaint
ground
discern
basis
present
posture
case
contention
abused
discretion
questions
relief
sought
posed
remedial
issues
hardly
properly
presented
stage
litigation
parties
engaged
much
discussion
concerning
ultimate
scope
congress
intended
legislation
apply
concerning
constitutionality
fifteenth
amendment
various
applications
shall
compound
error
found
district
judgment
intimating
views
either
matter
reversed
footnotes
holmes
blodgett
holden
cf
mountain
timber
washington
state
determination
class
persons
invoke
protection
provisions
federal
constitution
held
conclusive
tileston
ullman
certainly
said
sort
action
proceeded
validly
reachable
constitution
see
pp
infra
small
inessential
part
evil
congress
concerned
statute
defendants
permitted
make
attack
statute
generally
subsection
innumerable
items
legislative
history
show
congress
particular
concern
sort
action
charged
see
hearings
subcommittee
constitutional
rights
committee
judiciary
senate
proposals
secure
protect
strengthen
civil
rights
persons
constitution
laws
pp
hearings
subcommittee
committee
judiciary
house
representatives
miscellaneous
bills
regarding
civil
rights
persons
within
jurisdiction
pp
cong
rec
serious
contention
statute
civil
enactment
fail
give
adequate
notice
conduct
validly
proscribed
even
certain
applications
deemed
unconstitutional
criminal
proceedings
statute
must
depend
violation
restraining
order
embracing
party
charged
illinois
central
mckendree
ju
toy
barney
property
owner
action
enjoin
state
officials
construction
rapid
transit
tunnel
particular
place
suit
brought
directly
fourteenth
amendment
federal
averred
proposed
action
state
officials
authorized
state
law
appear
complainant
alleged
higher
state
administrative
echelons
indisposed
halt
unauthorized
actions
state
offered
remedy
property
owner
threatened
interference
property
state
officials
acting
without
authority
presented
specific
federal
statute
expressly
authorizing
federal
judicial
intervention
matters
posture
many
contentions
raised
appellees
style
notice
filed
district
docketed
however
since
judgment
district
awarded
appellees
relief
requested
despite
rejecting
contentions
except
central
one
necessary
bring
contentions
us
considered
otherwise
simply
alternative
grounds
judgment
supported
view
broad
nature
seems
indicate
desire
congress
whole
case
come
contrast
borden
power
pass
questions
since
district
expressed
views
also
deem
appropriate
justice
frankfurter
justice
harlan
concurs
joining
judgment
weighty
presumptive
validity
civil
rights
act
like
every
enactment
congress
comes
overborne
claim
urged
deal
legislation
find
unconstitutionality
reverse
duty
courts
apply
statute
save
measure
sustained
familiar
principles
constitutional
law
procedural
hurdle
left
cleared
sustain
suit
whatever
may
original
force
barney
new
york
decision
long
ceased
obstruction
decision
way
result
case
find
needless
canvass
multitude
opinions
may
generally
touch
govern
issues
us