butler
argued
decided
january
homer
cummings
atty
stanley
reed
sol
washington
george
wharton
pepper
philadelphia
edward
hale
bennett
sanderson
boston
respondents
justice
roberts
delivered
opinion
case
must
determine
whether
certain
provisions
agricultural
adjustment
act
conflict
federal
constitution
title
statute
captioned
adjustment
section
recites
economic
emergency
arisen
due
disparity
prices
agricultural
commodities
consequent
destruction
farmers
purchasing
power
breakdown
orderly
exchange
turn
affected
transactions
agricultural
commodities
national
public
interest
burdened
obstructed
normal
currents
commerce
calling
enactment
legislation
section
declares
policy
congress
establish
maintain
balance
production
consumption
agricultural
commodities
marketing
conditions
therefor
reestablish
prices
farmers
level
give
agricultural
purchasing
power
respect
articles
farmers
buy
equivalent
purchasing
power
agricultural
commodities
base
period
base
period
case
cotton
commodities
except
tobacco
designated
august
july
policies
announced
approach
desired
equality
gradual
correction
present
inequalities
rapid
rate
deemed
feasible
view
current
consumptive
demand
domestic
foreign
markets
protection
consumers
interest
readjusting
farm
production
level
increase
percentage
consumers
retail
expenditures
agricultural
commodities
products
derived
therefrom
returned
farmer
percentage
returned
base
period
section
stat
provides
amongst
things
order
effectuate
declared
policy
secretary
agriculture
shall
power
provide
reduction
acreage
reduction
production
market
basic
agricultural
commodity
agreements
producers
voluntary
methods
provide
rental
benefit
payments
connection
therewith
upon
part
production
basic
agricultural
commodity
required
domestic
consumption
amounts
secretary
deems
fair
reasonable
paid
moneys
available
payments
enter
marketing
agreements
processors
associations
producers
others
engaged
handling
current
interstate
foreign
commerce
agricultural
commodity
product
thereof
due
notice
opportunity
hearing
interested
parties
issue
licenses
permitting
processors
associations
producers
others
engage
handling
current
interstate
foreign
commerce
agricultural
commodity
product
thereof
competing
commodity
product
thereof
observed
secretary
required
permitted
uncontrolled
judgment
policy
act
promoted
make
agreements
individual
farmers
reduction
acreage
production
upon
terms
may
think
fair
reasonable
section
stat
enacts
obtain
revenue
extraordinary
expenses
incurred
reason
national
economic
emergency
shall
levied
processing
taxes
hereinafter
provided
secretary
agriculture
determines
rental
benefit
payments
made
respect
basic
agricultural
commodity
shall
proclaim
determination
processing
tax
shall
effect
respect
commodity
beginning
marketing
year
therefor
next
following
date
proclamation
processing
tax
shall
levied
assessed
collected
upon
first
domestic
proc
ssing
commodity
whether
domestic
production
imported
shall
paid
processor
secretary
may
time
time
finds
necessary
effectuation
policy
act
readjust
amount
exaction
meet
ments
subsection
tax
terminate
end
marketing
year
rental
benefit
payments
discontinued
secretary
expiration
year
section
fixes
tax
rate
equals
difference
current
average
farm
price
commodity
fair
exchange
value
power
secretary
investigation
notice
hearing
readjust
tax
prevent
accumulation
surplus
stocks
depression
farm
prices
section
directs
fair
exchange
value
commodity
shall
price
give
commodity
purchasing
power
respect
articles
farmers
buy
base
period
fair
exchange
value
current
average
farm
price
commodity
shall
ascertained
secretary
available
statistics
department
section
appropriates
available
secretary
agriculture
administrative
expenses
title
chapter
rental
benefit
payments
section
appropriates
proceeds
derived
taxes
imposed
act
available
secretary
agriculture
expansion
markets
removal
surplus
agricultural
products
administrative
expenses
rental
benefit
payments
refunds
taxes
section
permits
secretary
upon
certain
conditions
impose
compensating
taxes
commodities
competition
subject
processing
tax
section
see
floor
tax
imposed
upon
sale
disposition
article
processed
wholly
chief
value
commodity
respect
processing
tax
levied
amount
equivalent
processing
tax
payable
respect
commodity
article
processed
processing
occurred
date
processing
tax
becomes
effective
july
secretary
agriculture
approval
president
proclaimed
determined
rental
benefit
payments
made
respect
cotton
marketing
year
commodity
begin
august
calculated
fixed
rates
processing
floor
taxes
cotton
accordance
terms
act
presented
claim
respondents
receivers
hoosac
mills
corporation
processing
floor
taxes
cotton
levied
sections
act
receivers
recommended
claim
disallowed
district
found
taxes
valid
ordered
paid
upon
appeal
circuit
appeals
reversed
order
judgment
review
entered
prior
adoption
amending
act
august
therefore
concerned
original
act
first
outset
contends
respondents
standing
question
validity
tax
position
act
merely
revenue
measure
levying
excise
upon
activity
processing
proper
subject
imposition
proceeds
go
federal
treasury
thus
become
available
appropriation
purpose
said
respondents
endeavoring
challenge
intended
use
money
pursuant
congressional
appropriation
con
ession
money
become
property
government
taxpayer
longer
interest
massachusetts
mellon
claimed
foreclose
litigation
respondents
taxpayers
looking
restraint
expenditure
government
funds
case
might
authority
petitioners
favor
concerned
merely
suit
taxpayer
restrain
expenditure
public
moneys
held
taxpayer
may
question
expenditures
treasury
ground
alleged
unlawful
diversion
deplete
public
funds
thus
increase
burden
future
taxation
obviously
asserted
interest
taxpayer
federal
government
funds
supposed
increase
future
burden
taxation
minute
indeterminable
respondents
called
upon
pay
moneys
taxes
resist
exaction
step
unauthorized
plan
circumstance
clearly
distinguishes
case
government
substance
effect
asks
us
separate
agricultural
adjustment
act
two
statutes
one
levying
excise
processors
certain
commodities
appropriating
public
moneys
independently
first
passing
novel
suggestion
two
statutes
enacted
parts
single
scheme
tested
distinct
unrelated
think
legislation
us
susceptible
separation
treatment
tax
sustained
ignoring
avowed
purpose
operation
act
holding
measure
merely
laying
excise
upon
processors
raise
revenue
support
government
beyond
cavil
sole
object
legislation
restore
purchasing
power
agricultural
products
parity
prevailing
earlier
day
take
money
processor
bestow
upon
reduce
acreage
accomplishment
proposed
end
meanwhile
aid
farmers
period
required
bring
prices
crops
desired
level
tax
plays
indispensable
part
plan
regulation
stated
agricultural
adjustment
administrator
heart
law
means
one
two
things
intended
help
farmers
attain
parity
prices
purchasing
power
tax
automatically
goes
effect
commodity
secretary
agriculture
determines
rental
benefit
payments
made
reduction
production
commodity
tax
cease
rental
benefit
payments
cease
rate
fixed
purpose
bringing
crop
reduction
price
raising
equal
difference
average
farm
price
exchange
value
may
altered
amount
prevent
accumulation
surplus
stocks
secretary
finds
policy
act
promoted
levy
tax
given
commodity
may
exempt
section
whole
revenue
levy
appropriated
aid
crop
control
none
made
available
general
governmental
use
entire
agricultural
adjustment
program
embodied
title
act
become
inoperative
judgment
president
national
economic
emergency
ends
commodity
may
terminate
provisions
law
finds
longer
requisite
carrying
declared
policy
pect
commodity
section
see
statute
avows
aim
foreign
procurement
revenue
support
government
operation
shows
exaction
laid
upon
processors
necessary
means
intended
control
agricultural
production
aspects
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closely
resembles
laid
act
august
stat
entitled
act
regulate
immigration
came
head
money
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statute
directed
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collected
paid
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alien
passenger
come
vessel
foreign
port
one
payment
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port
master
owner
consignee
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ship
money
paid
treasury
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immigrant
fund
used
secretary
treasury
defray
expense
regulating
immigration
care
immigrants
relieving
distress
expenses
effectuating
act
various
objections
act
presented
answering
said
page
true
answer
objections
power
exercised
instance
taxing
power
burden
imposed
statute
mere
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regulation
branch
foreign
commerce
involved
immigration
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much
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protecting
man
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strictly
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meaning
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child
labor
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conclude
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purport
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transactions
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stated
pose
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agricultural
production
purely
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activity
effort
raise
prices
paid
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madison
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elsewhere
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urge
law
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upon
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challenged
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wide
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permitted
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great
extent
range
subject
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welfare
need
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remark
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welfare
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whether
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within
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embedded
constitution
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adjustment
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invades
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control
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beyond
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delegated
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executing
powers
pass
laws
accomplishment
objects
intrusted
government
become
painful
duty
tribunal
case
requiring
cision
come
say
act
law
land
mcculloch
maryland
wheat
pretext
executing
delegated
power
pass
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accomplishment
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intrusted
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government
accept
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mcculloch
maryland
supra
wheat
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wheat
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bank
fenno
wall
child
labor
tax
case
hill
wallace
statutes
purported
taxing
measures
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regulate
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manufacturing
trading
interstate
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matters
within
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conferred
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tax
means
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story
commentaries
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loc
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chapter
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iii
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