morton
ruiz
argued
decided
february
respondent
ruiz
wife
papago
indians
left
reservation
arizona
live
indian
community
miles
away
ruiz
found
employment
nearby
mine
prolonged
strike
ruiz
applied
denied
general
assistance
benefits
snyder
act
bureau
indian
affairs
bia
provision
bia
manual
limiting
eligibility
indians
living
reservations
jurisdictions
bia
alaska
oklahoma
unsuccessful
administrative
appeals
respondents
instituted
purported
class
action
claiming
inter
alia
entitlement
general
assistance
matter
statutory
interpretation
district
summary
judgment
petitioner
reversed
appeals
ground
manual
residency
limitation
inconsistent
broad
language
snyder
act
congress
intended
general
assistance
benefits
available
indians
including
respondents
position
congress
subsequent
actions
appropriating
funds
bia
general
assistance
program
serve
ratify
imposed
limitation
held
congress
intend
exclude
bia
general
assistance
program
respondents
class
unassimilated
indians
living
indian
community
near
native
reservation
maintain
close
economic
social
ties
reservation
pp
legislative
history
subcommittee
hearings
regarding
appropriations
snyder
act
showing
bia
usual
practice
represent
congress
near
reservations
equivalent
purposes
welfare
service
eligibility
successive
budget
requests
indians
living
near
living
directly
clearly
shows
congress
led
believe
programs
made
available
nonassimilated
indians
living
near
reservation
well
living
fair
reading
history
lead
conclusion
indians
situated
near
reservation
respondents
covered
authorization
pp
fact
congress
made
appropriations
time
reservations
limitation
appeared
bia
manual
mean
congress
implicitly
ratified
bia
policy
limitation
published
federal
register
code
federal
regulations
nothing
legislative
history
show
limitation
brought
appropriation
subcommittees
attention
let
alone
entire
congress
even
assuming
congress
knew
limitation
making
appropriations
reason
assume
equate
reservations
language
near
category
continuously
described
service
area
assuming
arguendo
secretary
rationally
limit
near
appropriation
include
indians
lived
directly
reservation
plus
alaska
oklahoma
validly
accomplished
pp
publishing
general
assistance
eligibility
requirement
federal
register
code
federal
regulations
bia
failed
comply
requirements
administrative
procedure
act
apa
publication
substantive
policies
secretary
conscious
choice
treat
extremely
significant
requirement
rule
renders
ineffective
far
extinguishing
rights
otherwise
within
class
beneficiaries
contemplated
congress
pp
moreover
bia
failed
comply
internal
procedures
since
reservations
limitation
clearly
important
substantive
policy
within
class
directives
inform
public
privileges
benefits
available
eligibility
requirements
bia
manual
declares
among
published
even
assuming
lack
binding
effect
bia
policy
late
argue
words
reservations
bia
manual
mean
something
different
near
therefore
entitled
deference
administrative
interpretation
fact
two
continuously
equated
bia
congress
pp
blackmun
delivered
opinion
unanimous
harry
sachse
argued
cause
petitioner
brief
solicitor
general
bork
assistant
attorney
general
johnson
edmund
clark
carl
strass
winton
woods
argued
cause
respondents
brief
lindsay
brew
jerry
straus
filed
brief
arapahoe
tribe
wyoming
et
al
amici
curiae
urging
reversal
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
affirmance
filed
lee
sclar
bruce
greene
california
indian
legal
services
david
getches
native
american
rights
fund
justice
blackmun
delivered
opinion
case
presents
narrow
important
issue
administration
federal
general
assistance
program
needy
indians
general
assistance
benefits
available
indians
living
reservations
areas
regulated
bureau
indian
affairs
alaska
oklahoma
thus
unavailable
indians
outside
alaska
oklahoma
living
although
near
reservation
pertinent
facts
agreed
upon
although
petitioner
secretary
denies
knowledge
dispute
app
respondents
ramon
ruiz
wife
anita
papago
indians
citizens
left
papago
reservation
arizona
seek
employment
miles
away
copper
mines
ajo
ruiz
found
work
settled
community
ajo
called
indian
village
populated
almost
entirely
papagos
practically
land
homes
village
owned
rented
ruizes
lived
ajo
continuously
since
present
residence
since
minor
daughter
lives
speak
understand
papago
language
limited
english
apart
ruiz
employment
assimilated
dominant
culture
appear
maintained
close
tie
nearby
reservation
july
years
ruizes
moved
ajo
mine
worked
shut
strike
remained
closed
following
march
strike
progress
ruiz
sole
income
per
week
striker
benefit
paid
union
sought
welfare
assistance
state
arizona
denied
state
apparent
policy
striking
workers
eligible
general
assistance
emergency
relief
december
ruiz
applied
general
assistance
benefits
bureau
indian
affairs
bia
immediately
notified
letter
ineligible
general
assistance
provision
effect
since
indian
affairs
manual
eligibility
limited
indians
living
reservations
jurisdictions
bia
alaska
oklahoma
appeal
superintendent
papago
indian
agency
unsuccessful
appeal
phoenix
area
director
bia
led
hearing
proved
unsuccessful
sole
ground
denial
general
assistance
benefits
ruizes
resided
outside
boundaries
papago
reservation
respondents
instituted
present
purported
class
action
secretary
claiming
matter
statutory
interpretation
entitlement
general
assistance
applied
also
challenging
eligibility
provision
violation
fifth
amendment
due
process
privileges
immunities
clause
art
iv
constitution
appeals
reversal
district
summary
judgment
secretary
ground
manual
residency
limitation
inconsistent
broad
language
snyder
act
congress
intended
general
assistance
benefits
available
indians
including
position
ruizes
subsequent
actions
congress
appropriating
funds
bia
general
assistance
program
serve
ratify
imposed
limitation
dissent
took
position
secretary
policy
within
broad
discretionary
authority
delegated
secretary
congress
respect
allocation
limited
funds
ii
snyder
act
stat
approved
november
provides
underlying
congressional
authority
bia
activities
including
particular
importantly
general
assistance
program
prior
act
general
authorization
result
appropriation
requests
made
house
committee
indian
affairs
frequently
stricken
house
floor
objections
see
sess
sess
cong
rec
snyder
act
designed
remedy
situation
comprehensively
worded
apparent
purpose
avoiding
motions
strike
since
passage
act
bia
presented
budget
requests
without
interruption
kind
congress
enacted
appropriation
bills
annually
response
requests
appropriation
legislation
issue
department
interior
related
agencies
appropriation
act
pub
stat
recited
bureau
indian
affairs
education
welfare
services
expenses
necessary
provide
education
welfare
services
indians
either
directly
cooperation
organizations
including
payment
advance
date
admission
care
tuition
assistance
expenses
indians
boarding
homes
institutions
schools
grants
assistance
needy
indians
maintenance
law
order
payment
rewards
information
evidence
concerning
violations
law
indian
reservations
lands
operation
indian
arts
crafts
shops
general
assistance
program
designed
bia
provide
direct
financial
aid
needy
indians
channels
relief
federal
state
tribal
available
benefits
generally
paid
scale
equivalent
state
welfare
payments
indian
whether
living
reservation
elsewhere
may
eligible
benefits
various
social
security
programs
state
participates
limitation
may
placed
social
security
benefits
indian
claimant
residence
reservation
formal
budget
request
submitted
congress
bia
fiscal
program
described
follows
general
assistance
provided
needy
indians
reservations
eligible
public
assistance
social
security
act
assistance
available
established
welfare
agencies
tribal
resources
hearings
department
interior
related
agencies
appropriations
subcommittee
house
committee
appropriations
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
iii
confronted
therefore
issues
whether
geographical
limitation
placed
general
assistance
eligibility
bia
consistent
congressional
intent
meaning
applicable
statutes
phrase
somewhat
differently
whether
congressional
appropriations
properly
limited
bia
restrictions
whether
limitation
withstands
constitutional
analysis
initial
question
secretary
argues
first
snyder
act
merely
enabling
act
definition
scope
general
assistance
program
appropriation
act
provide
indian
welfare
oklahoma
alaska
congress
intend
expand
program
beyond
presented
bia
request
secondly
points
reservations
limitation
manual
suggests
congress
well
acquainted
limitation
legislating
light
manual
limiting
provision
appropriation
amounted
ratification
bia
definitive
practice
notes
recent
years
congress
twice
rejected
proposals
clearly
provided
general
assistance
indians
thus
said
congress
appropriated
funds
general
assistance
indians
practical
matter
secretary
unable
provide
program
appeals
placed
primary
reliance
snyder
act
provision
assistance
indians
throughout
concluded
act
envisioned
geographical
limitations
indian
programs
absent
clear
congressional
ratification
policy
secretary
powerless
shrink
coverage
lesser
group
indian
beneficiaries
although
affirm
judgment
appeals
reversal
judgment
district
reach
result
narrower
ground
need
approach
issue
terms
whether
congress
intended
indians
regardless
residence
degree
assimilation
covered
general
assistance
program
need
ascertain
intent
congress
respect
indian
claimants
case
us
question
limited
whether
congress
intended
exclude
general
assistance
program
respondents
class
unassimilated
indians
living
indian
community
near
native
reservation
maintain
close
economic
social
ties
reservation
except
formal
residence
outside
physical
boundaries
papago
reservation
respondents
conceded
meet
requirements
general
assistance
program
iv
course
force
secretary
argument
facts
bia
budget
requests
consistently
contained
reservations
general
assistance
language
testimony
successive
appropriations
subcommittees
effect
assistance
kind
customarily
restricted
nonetheless
examination
material
leads
us
conclusion
contrary
urged
secretary
actual
practice
general
assistance
clearly
limited
reservation
indians
indeed
manual
provision
see
supra
heavily
relied
upon
secretary
provides
general
assistance
available
nonreservation
indians
alaska
oklahoma
rationale
proffered
situation
indians
alaska
oklahoma
historically
unique
much
oklahoma
set
aside
indian
territory
though
reservations
abolished
remains
large
area
concentrated
indian
population
tribal
organization
living
land
held
trust
similar
situation
large
concentrations
native
americans
reservations
substantial
separate
legislation
prevails
alaska
responsibilities
bureau
indian
affairs
jurisdictions
substantially
similar
bureau
responsibilities
reservations
brief
petitioner
testimony
several
hearings
bia
fact
limiting
general
assistance
within
reservation
boundaries
one
occasion
congress
notified
exceptions
made
deemed
appropriate
notwithstanding
manual
least
three
categories
indians
outside
alaska
oklahoma
treated
eligible
general
assistance
first
indian
relocates
city
bia
relocation
program
eligible
general
assistance
period
time
required
state
law
establish
residence
new
location
second
evidently
indian
turtle
mountain
reservation
north
dakota
lives
trust
land
near
apart
reservation
third
appears
indian
residing
rapid
city
south
dakota
addition
although
controlling
irrelevant
reservations
limitation
budget
requests
never
appeared
final
appropriation
bills
even
important
fact
many
years
including
appropriation
year
issue
bia
made
continual
representations
appropriations
subcommittees
nonurban
indians
living
near
reservation
eligible
bia
services
although
sure
several
passages
legislative
history
formal
budget
requests
defined
eligibility
terms
indians
living
reservations
bia
infrequently
indicated
living
near
reservation
equates
living
early
example
appears
fiscal
senate
hearing
following
colloquy
senator
mccarran
assistant
commissioner
zimmerman
one
stronger
statements
made
congress
concerning
bia
policy
limiting
general
assistance
reservation
indians
yet
within
dialogue
relied
explicitly
secretary
indication
reservations
given
rigid
interpretation
senator
mccarran
one
question
right
items
address
reservation
indians
nonreservation
indians
take
instance
welfare
administration
fund
given
reservation
indians
nonreservation
indians
alike
zimmerman
sir
senator
mccarran
given
zimmerman
money
goes
reservation
indians
senator
mccarran
entirely
zimmerman
yes
senator
mccarran
state
instance
outskirts
reno
outskirts
battle
mountain
small
indian
villages
get
anything
way
relief
zimmerman
town
colonies
treated
reservations
senator
mccarran
regard
reservations
zimmerman
yes
senator
mccarran
colony
outside
city
reno
reservation
zimmerman
certain
purposes
courts
held
reservation
senator
mccarran
land
zimmerman
yes
federal
government
owns
land
senator
mccarran
federal
government
owns
land
zimmerman
yes
sir
senator
mccarran
build
houses
federal
government
zimmerman
build
houses
senator
mccarran
indians
receive
benefits
zimmerman
eligible
yes
sir
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
estimated
within
continental
approximately
members
indian
tribes
bands
number
approximately
live
adjacent
reservations
bureau
assumes
responsibility
indian
reservations
surplus
population
proportion
reservation
resources
opportunities
near
reservations
wholly
inadequate
increasing
surplus
population
faced
alternative
moving
away
reservation
remaining
live
privation
dependent
partially
wholly
upon
form
public
assistance
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
emphasis
supplied
fiscal
hearing
congressman
fenton
inquired
assistant
commissioner
gifford
indian
population
replied
absolute
figure
best
estimate
indians
reservations
right
think
figure
using
course
indians
reservations
count
clearly
however
consider
direct
responsibility
reservations
fenton
contribute
miss
gifford
yes
believe
house
hearings
fiscal
year
near
representations
continued
made
congress
fiscal
house
hearing
congressmen
questioned
commissioner
nash
associate
commissioner
officer
assistant
commissioner
gifford
indian
population
served
bia
denton
many
indians
present
time
miss
gifford
mean
total
population
denton
yes
miss
gifford
estimate
total
population
near
reservations
serve
denton
expect
way
tell
many
indians
reservations
nash
well
take
total
census
figure
indian
population
subtract
listed
living
near
reservations
gives
us
figure
reservations
near
reservations
including
alaska
kirwan
say
reservation
nash
mr
officer
citing
figure
include
indians
live
reservation
vicinity
eligible
receive
services
well
indians
alaska
natives
total
alaska
natives
subtract
indians
live
near
reservations
outside
alaska
going
concerned
live
reservations
figure
press
release
kirwan
want
clear
press
release
emphasizes
reservation
figure
reservation
live
near
reservation
point
want
clear
mr
officer
live
near
reservations
plus
natives
alaska
denton
include
eskimos
mr
officer
yes
sir
denton
places
like
oklahoma
indians
live
checkerboard
mr
officer
reason
cite
figures
indians
living
near
reservations
number
situations
similar
oklahoma
reservation
boundary
house
hearings
fiscal
year
emphasis
supplied
nearly
identical
dialogue
occurred
senate
subcommittee
senator
bible
many
indians
jurisdiction
nash
senator
bible
many
nonreservation
indians
reservation
indians
nash
near
include
example
indians
living
los
angeles
san
francisco
chicago
denver
minneapolis
unless
brought
part
vocational
training
relocation
programs
senator
bible
total
indian
population
nash
census
counted
indians
eskimos
aleuts
chairman
hayden
halfs
nash
census
make
inquiry
full
half
merely
say
indian
known
eskimo
senator
bible
following
chairman
question
jurisdiction
rest
regard
measuring
stick
nash
sir
basis
providing
services
indian
primarily
real
estate
service
individuals
reside
trust
restricted
land
close
program
reservation
affected
services
performed
person
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
emphasis
supplied
denton
many
indians
reservations
many
indian
bureau
supervision
nash
recognize
call
federal
indian
service
population
denton
reservations
nash
near
figure
reservation
somewhat
smaller
figure
reservations
living
trust
lands
titles
alienated
restricted
aliens
village
communities
alaska
oklahoma
near
reservations
dependent
upon
facilities
provided
bureau
indian
affairs
major
community
services
denton
total
indian
population
nash
census
counted
good
many
people
denton
reservations
government
care
nash
correct
house
hearings
fiscal
year
emphasis
supplied
senator
bible
commissioner
sorry
may
covered
earlier
questioning
total
indian
population
jurisdiction
present
time
bennett
total
indian
population
jurisdiction
present
time
near
reservations
comprise
service
population
based
census
senator
bible
many
indians
jurisdiction
responsibility
bennett
based
census
figure
people
moved
away
residential
areas
generally
become
part
communities
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
emphasis
supplied
fiscal
senate
hearing
question
arose
status
indians
left
reservation
assistant
commissioner
zimmerman
stated
frankly
considered
obligation
indian
service
years
past
police
indians
established
phoenix
flagstaff
grand
forks
wherever
may
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
senator
young
true
indian
leaves
north
dakota
go
state
washington
work
runs
work
runs
money
eligible
relief
back
reservation
myer
established
residence
eligible
anyone
know
situation
state
washington
require
residence
senator
young
indian
get
relief
back
well
reservation
myer
presents
problem
matter
basic
policy
matter
whether
going
extend
services
indians
wherever
follow
around
leave
reservation
type
service
providing
reservation
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
bureau
provides
services
assists
furnishing
services
indians
including
natives
alaska
fields
human
natural
resources
includes
among
things
programs
education
welfare
law
order
protection
development
management
trust
property
services
general
limited
arising
relationship
regarding
trust
property
indian
people
reside
trust
restricted
land
funds
included
estimates
furnishing
services
indian
people
established
general
society
house
hearings
fiscal
year
census
showed
indians
eskimos
others
people
defined
indians
census
include
left
reservations
gone
los
angeles
san
francisco
denver
chicago
simply
answered
census
taker
yes
indian
asked
pretend
follow
people
services
wherever
go
need
services
people
includes
living
directly
reservations
living
close
way
live
affects
reservations
programs
house
hearings
fiscal
year
emphasis
supplied
apparently
four
years
appropriation
fiscal
anyone
congress
seriously
questioned
bia
precise
policy
concerning
dichotomy
following
dialogue
senator
bible
long
member
senate
subcommittee
commissioner
bruce
instructive
senator
bible
rule
use
determine
jurisdiction
jurisdiction
bureau
indian
affairs
bruce
american
indians
living
reservations
degree
blood
living
alaska
senator
bible
degree
one
qualifications
must
also
live
reservation
bruce
near
senator
bible
word
near
mean
bruce
difficult
define
near
reservation
nearby
community
senator
bible
well
half
mile
mile
miles
yards
trying
find
jurisdiction
responsibilities
responsible
bruce
vary
difficult
answer
specifically
senator
bible
well
give
variables
yards
miles
defined
statute
anywhere
become
commissioner
indian
affairs
god
forbid
know
jurisdiction
must
make
determination
bruce
definition
oklahoma
alaska
senator
bible
lawyers
tell
go
heart
manhattan
find
indian
degree
indian
blood
jurisdiction
heart
manhattan
bruce
sir
manhattan
senator
bible
well
manhattan
new
york
state
troy
syracuse
rochester
senator
bible
trying
get
record
straight
see
responsibility
indians
beyond
reservation
think
clear
indians
reservation
senator
bible
breakdown
indians
reservations
number
beyond
indian
reservations
give
figures
bruce
yes
senator
bible
right
bruce
near
senator
bible
near
still
know
near
near
beyond
indians
reservations
near
reservation
jurisdiction
indians
bruce
right
senator
bible
total
responsibility
bruce
total
responsibility
senator
bible
money
budget
million
much
expended
within
reservations
much
beyond
reservations
bruce
total
budget
spent
benefit
reservation
indians
senator
bible
still
tripping
near
business
wish
define
point
exchange
whether
bia
services
extend
indians
living
chicago
urban
areas
senator
bible
many
urban
indians
bruce
talking
senator
bible
bruce
yes
senator
bible
bruce
right
senator
bible
difficulties
encountered
also
rather
lengthy
resume
services
perform
responsibility
find
nonreservation
indians
bruce
living
urban
cities
los
angeles
san
francisco
chicago
louis
cleveland
denver
minneapolis
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
thus
usual
practice
bia
represent
congress
near
equivalent
purposes
welfare
service
eligibility
successive
budget
request
universe
indians
living
near
living
directly
addition
bia
continually
treated
persons
reservations
near
light
rather
consistent
legislative
history
understandable
secretary
argues
general
assistance
available
reservation
accept
argument
however
history
indicates
general
assistance
thereby
restricted
within
physical
boundaries
contrary
history
clearly
shows
congress
led
believe
programs
made
available
unassimilated
needy
indians
living
near
reservations
well
living
certainly
fair
reading
congressional
proceedings
including
fiscal
hearing
lead
conclusion
indians
situated
near
reservation
ruizes
covered
authorization
wholly
aside
appropriation
subcommittee
legislative
history
secretary
suggests
congress
year
since
appropriated
accord
reservations
limitation
contained
bia
manual
legislating
annually
light
clear
provision
secretary
argues
congress
implicitly
ratified
bia
policy
argument
also
convincing
limitation
published
federal
register
code
federal
regulations
nothing
legislative
history
show
manual
provision
brought
subcommittees
attention
let
alone
entire
congress
assume
congress
aware
provision
contained
internally
circulated
bia
document
strained
even
assuming
congress
fully
cognizant
manual
limitation
appropriation
made
language
geographic
restriction
manual
must
considered
conjunction
representations
consistently
made
reason
assume
congress
equate
reservations
language
near
category
continuously
described
service
area
light
manual
particular
inclusion
oklahoma
alaska
indians
seem
interpretation
provision
logical
one
anyone
congress
fact
aware
accept
found
congressional
appropriation
intended
cover
welfare
services
least
indians
residing
near
reservation
necessarily
follow
secretary
without
power
create
reasonable
classifications
eligibility
requirements
order
allocate
limited
funds
available
purpose
see
dandridge
williams
jefferson
hackney
thus
enough
funds
appropriated
provide
meaningfully
needy
indian
beneficiaries
entire
class
eligible
beneficiaries
numbered
incumbent
upon
bia
develop
eligibility
standard
deal
problem
standard
rational
proper
might
leave
class
otherwise
encompassed
appropriation
without
benefits
case
agency
must
minimum
let
standard
generally
known
assure
applied
consistently
avoid
reality
appearance
arbitrary
denial
benefits
potential
beneficiaries
assuming
arguendo
secretary
rationally
limit
near
appropriation
include
smaller
class
indians
lived
directly
reservation
plus
alaska
oklahoma
question
remains
whether
validly
accomplished
power
administrative
agency
administer
congressionally
created
funded
program
necessarily
requires
formulation
policy
making
rules
fill
gap
left
implicitly
explicitly
congress
area
indian
affairs
executive
long
empowered
promulgate
rules
policies
power
given
explicitly
secretary
delegates
bia
agency
power
make
rules
affect
substantial
individual
rights
obligations
carries
responsibility
remain
consistent
governing
legislation
fmc
seatrain
lines
dixon
brannan
stark
also
employ
procedures
conform
law
see
nlrb
plurality
opinion
matter
rational
consistent
congressional
intent
particular
decision
might
determination
eligibility
made
ad
hoc
basis
dispenser
funds
administrative
procedure
act
adopted
provide
inter
alia
administrative
policies
affecting
individual
rights
obligations
promulgated
pursuant
certain
stated
procedures
avoid
inherently
arbitrary
nature
unpublished
ad
hoc
determinations
see
generally
act
pertinent
part
agency
shall
separately
state
currently
publish
federal
register
guidance
public
substantive
rules
general
applicability
adopted
authorized
law
statements
general
policy
interpretations
general
applicability
formulated
adopted
agency
except
extent
person
actual
timely
notice
terms
thereof
person
may
manner
required
resort
adversely
affected
matter
required
published
federal
register
published
ibid
code
federal
regulations
directives
relate
public
including
indians
published
federal
register
codified
code
federal
regulations
cfr
directives
inform
public
privileges
benefits
available
eligibility
qualifications
requirements
procedures
appeal
rights
procedures
published
accordance
rules
regulations
issued
director
federal
register
administrative
procedure
act
amended
bureau
indian
affairs
manual
policies
procedures
instructions
relate
public
required
govern
operations
bureau
published
bureau
indian
affairs
manual
biam
rights
individuals
affected
incumbent
upon
agencies
follow
procedures
even
internal
procedures
possibly
rigorous
otherwise
required
service
dulles
vitarelli
seaton
bia
manual
declared
directives
inform
public
privileges
benefits
available
eligibility
requirements
among
published
requirement
order
receive
general
assistance
indian
must
reside
directly
reservation
clearly
important
substantive
policy
fits
within
class
directives
bia
may
extinguish
entitlement
otherwise
eligible
beneficiaries
must
comply
minimum
internal
procedures
secretary
presented
reason
requirements
administrative
procedure
act
met
cf
sec
chenery
bia
attempted
defend
rule
valid
exercise
legislative
power
rather
depends
argument
congress
appropriated
funds
indians
directly
reservations
conscious
choice
secretary
treat
extremely
significant
eligibility
requirement
affecting
rights
needy
indians
rule
renders
ineffective
far
extinguishing
rights
otherwise
within
class
beneficiaries
contemplated
congress
concerned
overriding
duty
federal
government
deal
fairly
indians
wherever
located
recognized
many
occasions
see
seminole
nation
board
county
seber
particularly
bia
continually
represented
congress
seeking
funds
indians
living
near
reservations
within
service
area
essential
legitimate
expectation
needy
indians
extinguished
amounts
unpublished
ad
hoc
determination
agency
promulgated
accordance
procedures
say
nothing
administrative
procedure
act
denial
benefits
respondents
circumstances
inconsistent
distinctive
obligation
trust
incumbent
upon
government
dealings
dependent
sometimes
exploited
people
seminole
nation
see
squire
capoeman
benefits
may
denied
otherwise
entitled
indians
bia
must
first
promulgate
eligibility
requirements
according
established
procedures
even
assuming
lack
binding
effect
bia
policy
secretary
argues
residential
restriction
manual
longstanding
interpretation
snyder
act
agency
best
suited
deference
due
interpretation
see
griggs
duke
power
thrust
argument
regulation
created
near
distinction
congress
intended
provide
general
assistance
directly
reservations
manual
provision
simply
interpretation
congressional
intent
already
noted
however
bia
practices
representations
led
congress
believe
appropriations
covered
indians
near
reservations
late
argue
words
reservations
manual
mean
something
different
near
fact
two
continuously
equated
bia
congress
recognized
previously
weight
administrative
interpretation
depend
among
things
upon
consistency
earlier
later
pronouncements
agency
skidmore
swift
see
generally
davis
administrative
law
treatise
ed
supp
instance
bia
somewhat
inconsistent
posture
belies
present
assertion
order
agency
interpretation
granted
deference
must
consistent
congressional
purpose
espinoza
farah
mfg
red
lion
broadcasting
fcc
evident
us
congress
intend
limit
authorization
indians
directly
contrast
near
reservation
therefore
bia
interpretation
must
fail
emphasize
holding
suggested
oral
argument
tr
oral
arg
brief
petitioner
make
general
assistance
available
indians
throughout
country
even
respondents
claim
much
brief
respondents
tr
oral
arg
appropriation
see
indians
near
reservation
broad
enough
hold
include
ruizes
live
found
employment
indian
community
miles
reservation
maintain
close
economic
social
ties
reservation
unassimilated
parameter
class
determined
extent
necessary
district
remand
case
whether
persons
qualify
general
assistance
left
cases
arise
future
view
disposition
statutory
issue
reach
respondents
constitutional
arguments
intimate
views
judgment
appeals
affirmed
case
remanded
proceedings
consistent
opinion
ordered
footnotes
ajo
located
within
borders
papago
aboriginal
tribal
land
indian
claims
commission
found
land
taken
papagos
following
material
record
indicates
close
ties
retained
ajo
indians
papago
reservation
papagos
indian
village
ajo
still
maintain
frequently
visit
homes
reservation
many
still
cattle
even
farm
summer
many
wives
children
spend
long
periods
time
living
reservation
many
miners
attend
reservation
dances
ceremonies
driving
reservation
work
ends
afternoon
returning
early
next
morning
ajo
miners
still
vote
district
elections
reservation
many
seek
medical
care
years
many
miners
either
fired
laid
returned
reservation
thus
even
acculturated
ajo
indians
still
maintain
close
ties
reservation
prolonged
strike
copper
miners
ties
frequently
strengthened
even
extended
time
crisis
members
indian
community
often
used
reservation
place
refuge
occasionally
source
food
money
medical
care
affidavit
larry
stucki
submitted
support
respondents
motion
summary
judgment
app
whole
family
returned
south
komelik
reservation
whole
month
august
returned
south
komelik
twice
month
remainder
strike
staying
ajo
one
child
mary
ann
still
attending
school
ramon
ruiz
still
maintained
home
south
komelik
planned
return
years
retires
never
thought
ajo
real
home
poor
command
english
language
spite
lived
ajo
years
tended
confirm
son
much
talking
interpreted
father
frequently
hen
ruiz
es
son
killed
military
service
viet
nam
funeral
services
held
family
church
sells
reservation
siren
song
reservation
cases
prevents
complete
severance
umbilical
cord
homeland
people
ruiz
stated
hearing
referred
infra
bia
area
director
app
ruiz
hearing
stated
worked
eight
hours
week
hour
app
see
rev
stat
ann
supp
reflecting
amendment
laws
see
also
graham
richardson
striking
workers
however
eligible
state
surplus
commodities
distribution
program
ruiz
certified
program
two
successive
periods
app
manual
provides
pertinent
part
general
assistance
purpose
purpose
general
assistance
program
provide
necessary
financial
assistance
needy
indian
families
persons
living
reservations
jurisdiction
bureau
jurisdictions
bureau
indian
affairs
alaska
oklahoma
eligibility
conditions
residence
eligibility
general
assistance
limited
indians
living
reservations
jurisdictions
bureau
indian
affairs
alaska
oklahoma
snyder
act
reads
full
follows
bureau
indian
affairs
supervision
secretary
interior
shall
direct
supervise
expend
moneys
congress
may
time
time
appropriate
benefit
care
assistance
indians
throughout
following
purposes
general
support
civilization
including
education
relief
distress
conservation
health
industrial
assistance
advancement
general
administration
indian
property
extension
improvement
operation
maintenance
existing
indian
irrigation
systems
development
water
supplies
enlargement
extension
improvement
repair
buildings
grounds
existing
plants
projects
employment
inspectors
supervisors
superintendents
clerks
field
matrons
farmers
physicians
indian
police
indian
judges
employees
suppression
traffic
intoxicating
liquor
deleterious
drugs
purchase
vehicles
official
use
general
incidental
expenses
connection
administration
indian
affairs
see
example
appropriations
act
fiscal
pub
stat
act
fiscal
pub
stat
act
fiscal
pub
stat
see
appropriations
act
fiscal
pub
stat
act
fiscal
pub
stat
act
fiscal
pub
stat
act
fiscal
pub
stat
act
fiscal
pub
stat
act
fiscal
pub
stat
critic
act
also
represented
ruizes
administrative
proceedings
describes
follows
synder
act
familiar
somewhat
distressing
occurrence
history
indian
affairs
instances
congress
enacted
general
measure
left
rest
secretary
interior
bia
result
structure
welfare
system
bia
creation
regulatory
scheme
contained
departmental
manual
remains
inaccessible
except
social
workers
persistent
attorneys
wolf
needed
system
income
maintenance
indians
rev
omitted
see
example
indian
thus
entitled
social
security
state
welfare
benefits
equally
citizens
state
state
ex
rel
williams
kamp
mont
dept
interior
federal
indian
law
wolf
supra
hearings
department
interior
related
agencies
appropriations
subcommittees
senate
house
committee
appropriations
hereinafter
merely
identified
branch
congress
fiscal
year
number
session
congress
hearings
preceding
four
years
disclose
identically
worded
requests
house
hearings
fiscal
year
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
house
hearings
fiscal
year
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
house
hearings
fiscal
year
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
house
hearings
fiscal
year
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
bia
limitation
practice
surfaced
many
hearings
see
example
testimony
assistant
commissioner
gifford
believe
question
comes
concerning
indians
living
reservation
need
categories
types
assistance
many
cases
counties
say
indians
responsibility
bureau
indian
affairs
sufficient
funds
take
care
never
included
request
welfare
appropriations
funds
take
care
needs
indians
living
reservation
house
hearings
fiscal
year
emphasis
supplied
see
also
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
bills
referred
sess
sess
provided
benefits
available
indians
certain
named
government
reimburse
state
percentage
latter
contribution
several
categorical
assistance
programs
failure
bills
ascribed
easily
course
rather
arbitrary
selection
specific
percentage
designated
reluctance
provide
indians
rural
urban
assimilated
nonassimilated
increase
lesser
group
serviced
see
wise
order
railway
conductors
swan
see
example
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
statement
commissioner
nash
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
statement
deputy
commissioner
greenwood
house
hearings
fiscal
year
statement
commissioner
emmons
tr
oral
arg
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
identical
language
apart
population
figures
appeared
later
bia
budget
requests
see
example
house
hearings
fiscal
year
next
year
commissioner
made
following
statement
scope
bia
service
area
need
services
people
includes
living
directly
reservations
living
close
way
live
affects
reservations
programs
move
back
forth
et
cetera
call
federal
service
indian
population
larger
year
last
house
hearings
fiscal
year
emphasis
supplied
formal
budget
presented
fiscal
commissioner
introduced
statement
following
representation
modern
service
bureau
serving
indian
persons
alaska
natives
live
near
reservations
services
perform
basically
three
types
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
emphasis
supplied
following
year
commissioner
introduced
budget
request
statement
modern
service
bureau
serving
many
indians
alaskan
natives
live
near
reservations
people
find
isolated
mainstream
american
life
existing
poverty
keeping
general
governmental
policy
attacking
causes
poverty
lack
salable
skills
objective
bureau
indian
affairs
coordinate
federal
programs
programs
state
local
agencies
improve
educational
economic
social
political
opportunities
indians
house
hearings
fiscal
year
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
emphasis
supplied
following
additional
information
supplied
population
data
statistical
figure
given
indians
living
adjacent
reservations
based
upon
residence
includes
following
groups
figures
march
indians
resident
within
federal
reservation
boundaries
excluding
alaska
oklahoma
discussed
indians
resident
nearby
may
receive
services
proximity
mobility
example
indians
working
nearby
towns
frequently
maintain
close
contact
reservation
people
affairs
may
visit
reservation
return
temporarily
permanently
indians
live
public
domain
allotments
outside
reservation
boundaries
distance
places
spelled
depends
extent
contact
distant
members
tribe
counted
although
may
carried
tribal
roll
tribal
census
see
also
comments
navajo
area
indians
resident
former
reservation
areas
oklahoma
includes
osage
attributes
reservation
alaska
natives
resident
alaska
includes
aleuts
eskimos
well
indians
senate
hearings
fiscal
year
beginning
fiscal
hearings
appeared
wide
outpouring
bia
assistance
urban
indians
appropriations
committee
report
senate
fiscal
submitted
senator
bible
following
language
appears
indicating
senate
earlier
understanding
although
bia
program
cover
urban
indians
cover
near
reservations
committee
directs
secretary
prepare
plan
assure
bureau
indian
affairs
type
services
indians
rather
living
near
reservations
conception
bia
jurisdiction
seems
limited
congress
curiously
enough
application
filed
extension
time
within
file
petition
certiorari
case
solicitor
general
thus
described
litigation
appeals
held
case
indian
welfare
benefits
administered
department
interior
snyder
act
must
provided
indians
living
near
reservations
practice
department
interior
many
years
must
also
made
available
indians
residing
anywhere
country
emphasis
supplied
president
may
prescribe
regulations
may
think
fit
carrying
effect
various
provisions
act
relating
indian
affairs
settlement
accounts
indian
affairs
provision
relates
back
act
june
stat
commissioner
indian
affairs
shall
direction
secretary
interior
agreeably
regulations
president
may
prescribe
management
indian
affairs
matters
arising
indian
relations
relates
back
act
july
stat
snyder
act
provides
bureau
indian
affairs
supervision
secretary
interior
shall
direct
supervise
expend
moneys
congress
may
time
time
appropriate
house
report
accompanying
provision
stated
added
incentive
agencies
publish
necessary
details
official
activities
federal
register
provision
person
shall
adversely
affected
material
required
published
incorporated
reference
federal
register
published
see
title
cfr
subject
indians
contains
regulations
sets
forth
eligibility
requirements
programs
pt
care
indian
children
contract
schools
pt
federal
schools
indians
pt
administration
educational
loans
grants
assistance
higher
education
pt
enrollment
indians
public
schools
pt
administration
program
vocational
training
adult
indians
pt
general
credit
indians
pt
reference
welfare
activities
subchapter
entitled
social
welfare
comprising
pts
part
relates
program
commissioner
may
negotiate
state
territory
county
federal
welfare
agencies
agencies
provide
welfare
services
contemplated
regulations
state
program
applies
indians
residing
within
particular
state
within
exterior
boundaries
indian
reservations
jurisdiction
bureau
indian
affairs
trust
restricted
lands
jurisdiction
bureau
indian
affairs
cfr
see
cfr
vocational
training
adult
indians
also
made
available
additional
indians
reside
near
reservations
discretion
secretary
interior
failure
provide
services
direct
effect
upon
bureau
programs
within
reservation
boundaries
emphasis
supplied
see
also
cfr
phrase
within
exterior
boundaries
indian
reservations
jurisdiction
bureau
indian
affairs
read
conjunction
bia
declared
jurisdiction
congress
seem
include
indians
living
near
reservations
event
cited
regulations
deal
general
assistance
program
nothing
code
indicating
general
assistance
program
exists
say
nothing
absence
eligibility
criteria